There are a couple of threads on related things:
Help connecting a USB webcam / c270 - Request Help - OpenFlexure Forum
Alternative build: Can I use anything other than a RPi? - General - OpenFlexure Forum
The short answer is that the particularly useful parts of the software are the fast autofocus and the camera colour and illumination correction. These both rely on particular features of the integration of the Raspberry Pi camera V2 and a Raspberry Pi. It is also actually a remarkably good camera for microscopy. It would, in principle, be possible to implement with some other systems but that is not in the current software. Developing v3 of the OpenFlexure software - Announcements - OpenFlexure Forum may have some features that help.
The hardware is can be made compatible with many other systems.